Learning method is a way of doing or presenting, describing, giving
examples, and provide training course content for students to achieve specific
goals. Learning methods can be said is part of the instructional strategy. But
not all learning methods suitable for specific learning goals. Writing about
the method below does not follow a particular order, but random. Also disclosed
is a method when well implemented and the advantages and disadvantages of these
methods.
A.Basic Learning Strategy Selection
Some of the principles that must be done by teachers in selecting appropriate learning strategies and accurate, these considerations should be based on the determination. Before deciding which method will be used in teaching and learning, then a teacher should consider the following considerations:
1.Objective Learning
Learning goal setting is an absolute requirement for teachers in choosing the method to be used in the present educational material. The purpose of learning a target to be achieved at the end of teaching, as well as the ability to be owned by students. This target can be realized by using the methods of learning. The purpose of learning is the ability (competence) or skills expected of students when they perform a specific learning process.
Learning objectives can determine a strategy that must be used teacher. For example, a teacher of Sport and Health set learning goals for students to demonstrate how to kick the ball properly. In this case the method can help students achieve this goal is the lecture method, teachers provide instruction, guidance, command and actually implemented, then the method of demonstration, the students demonstrate how to kick the ball properly, then the method can be used division of tasks, assign our students, how to be a keeper, captain, midfielder, and what their tasks, and how they can work together and kick the ball. In this example, there is the ability of students to the level of cognitive and psychomotor. Similarly, affective skills applied, about how their ability to cooperate in playing the ball from the method of administration tasks assigned to each individual teacher. The syllabus has been formulated indicators or outcomes yang diperoleh learning outcomes of students after they follow the learning process. There are four main components in the formulation of indicators of learning outcomes are:
a. Determination of subjects studied to show the target relajar.
b. Ability or competence that can be measured or can
displayed through Peformance students.
c. Circumstances and situations in which students can demonstrate its performance
d. Standards of quality and quantity of learning outcomes.
Kinds of Good Learning Method
1. Methods Demonstration
The demonstration is a method used to teach participants with a way to tell and demonstrate the steps work something. The demonstration is a practice that was exhibited to the participants. Therefore, the demonstration can be divided into two objectives: demonstration of the process to understand step by step, and demonstration of results to show or demonstrate the results of a proces. Usually, after a demonstration followed by practice by the participants themselves. As a result, participants will gain a direct learning experience after seeing, doing, and feeling alone. The purpose of the demonstration is combined with practical skills to make changes to the shutter.
a). Advantages of the method demonstration
Students' attention can be concentrated more on the lessons learned
Errors that occur when the lesson was explained can be addressed through observation and concrete examples
Provide strong motivation for students to study harder
Students can actively participate and gain firsthand experience
b). disadvantage in the demonstration
When the appliance is too small or improper placement causes the demonstration can not be seen clearly by all students
When the time is not enough, then the demonstration will take place intermittently or walking in a hurry
2.Metode Field Work
Fieldwork method is a method of teaching by inviting students into a place outside the school that aims not just an observation or a review of it, but to actively jump into the workforce so that students can appreciate their own and self-employed in jobs that exist in society.
a). Advantage of this method of fieldwork
Students have the opportunity to work directly active in the field so as to obtain direct experience in working
Students find a sense of understanding of the work of the good and the drawbacks
b). Disadvantage fieldwork methods
Limited time did not allow the experience gained in-depth knowledge and mastery of a limited
For field work should cost that much. The practice is far from so that school teachers need to review and advance prepare
A. Method of Working Group
Group work method is a way of presenting the lesson by asking the student materials (after be categorized) specific tasks to achieve the goal of teaching. They see themselves working together to solve problems or perform tasks.
a). Advantages of group work methods
The students are more active members of their lessons
Allow teachers to pay more attention to the ability of the students
Can provide opportunities for students to ask more skilled use in discussing a problem
Students develop leadership talents and skills do discuss
b). disadvantage in the work group
Group work sometimes involves only those students who are able because they are capable to lead and guide those who are less
The success of this strategy depends on the ability of students to lead the group or to work on their own
Sometimes it requires a different seating arrangement and usability vary in different teaching
A. The game method
Games (games), popular with various names such as heating (ice-breaker) or refresher (energizer). Ice-breaker literal meaning is 'ice'. Thus, the meaning of warming in the learning process is breaking the ice situation or physical minds of participants. The game is also intended to build a dynamic learning environment, energy, and enthusiasm. Characteristics of the game is to create a pleasant learning atmosphere (fun) as well as serious but relaxed (sergeant). The game used for the creation of an atmosphere of learning from passive to active, from a rigid motion (familiar), and from saturated to be cheerful (fresh). This method is geared to the learning objectives can be achieved efficiently and effectively in an atmosphere of joy even discuss things that are difficult or berat.Sebaiknya game is used as part of the learning process, not just to fill their spare time or just a game. The game should be designed to be an 'action' or events experienced by the participants, and then withdrawn in the process of reflection to be a profound wisdom (principles, values, or the lessons). Changes that affected areas are the shutter-value attitude.
A. Problem Solving Methods
Problem solving method is a method that stimulates thinking and using knowledge without looking at the quality of the opinion delivered by the students. A teacher must be very clever to try to stimulate students' opinion.
a). advantage of this method of problem solving
Each student was given the same opportunity in issuing his opinion that the students feel more valued and which will foster self-confidence
Students will be invited to more respect for others
To assist students in developing oral skills
b). disadvantage in the problem solving
Because they do not see the quality of the opinion that sometimes the mastery of the material presented is often overlooked
This method is often difficult for those who hesitate to express their opinions verbally
A. . Method Dialog
Dialogue method is a technique of teaching methods to motivate students to be active in his thinking to ask for a hearing to justify the teacher's questions and students answer
a). Excess dialogue method
Questions and answers can help the growth of students' attention on the learning and develop the ability to use knowledge and experience, so that knowledge becomes functional
Students will open his mind so as to achieve a good and proper formulation
b). disadvantage in the dialog
If given the lack of motivation to be active only those who are good at verbal opinion express
Often forget the goal to be achieved due to run out of time provided for debate hold opinions
7. Methods Q & A
Method of oral questioning is a way of presenting the material to achieve the goal of teaching.
a). Excess method of question and answer
Teachers can find student mastery of the material that has been presented
Can be used to investigate speech-to support for students
b). disadvantage in the question and answer
The teacher only gave a turn to the specific student
Only be mastered by students who are good
A.Basic Learning Strategy Selection
Some of the principles that must be done by teachers in selecting appropriate learning strategies and accurate, these considerations should be based on the determination. Before deciding which method will be used in teaching and learning, then a teacher should consider the following considerations:
1.Objective Learning
Learning goal setting is an absolute requirement for teachers in choosing the method to be used in the present educational material. The purpose of learning a target to be achieved at the end of teaching, as well as the ability to be owned by students. This target can be realized by using the methods of learning. The purpose of learning is the ability (competence) or skills expected of students when they perform a specific learning process.
Learning objectives can determine a strategy that must be used teacher. For example, a teacher of Sport and Health set learning goals for students to demonstrate how to kick the ball properly. In this case the method can help students achieve this goal is the lecture method, teachers provide instruction, guidance, command and actually implemented, then the method of demonstration, the students demonstrate how to kick the ball properly, then the method can be used division of tasks, assign our students, how to be a keeper, captain, midfielder, and what their tasks, and how they can work together and kick the ball. In this example, there is the ability of students to the level of cognitive and psychomotor. Similarly, affective skills applied, about how their ability to cooperate in playing the ball from the method of administration tasks assigned to each individual teacher. The syllabus has been formulated indicators or outcomes yang diperoleh learning outcomes of students after they follow the learning process. There are four main components in the formulation of indicators of learning outcomes are:
a. Determination of subjects studied to show the target relajar.
b. Ability or competence that can be measured or can
displayed through Peformance students.
c. Circumstances and situations in which students can demonstrate its performance
d. Standards of quality and quantity of learning outcomes.
Kinds of Good Learning Method
1. Methods Demonstration
The demonstration is a method used to teach participants with a way to tell and demonstrate the steps work something. The demonstration is a practice that was exhibited to the participants. Therefore, the demonstration can be divided into two objectives: demonstration of the process to understand step by step, and demonstration of results to show or demonstrate the results of a proces. Usually, after a demonstration followed by practice by the participants themselves. As a result, participants will gain a direct learning experience after seeing, doing, and feeling alone. The purpose of the demonstration is combined with practical skills to make changes to the shutter.
a). Advantages of the method demonstration
Students' attention can be concentrated more on the lessons learned
Errors that occur when the lesson was explained can be addressed through observation and concrete examples
Provide strong motivation for students to study harder
Students can actively participate and gain firsthand experience
b). disadvantage in the demonstration
When the appliance is too small or improper placement causes the demonstration can not be seen clearly by all students
When the time is not enough, then the demonstration will take place intermittently or walking in a hurry
2.Metode Field Work
Fieldwork method is a method of teaching by inviting students into a place outside the school that aims not just an observation or a review of it, but to actively jump into the workforce so that students can appreciate their own and self-employed in jobs that exist in society.
a). Advantage of this method of fieldwork
Students have the opportunity to work directly active in the field so as to obtain direct experience in working
Students find a sense of understanding of the work of the good and the drawbacks
b). Disadvantage fieldwork methods
Limited time did not allow the experience gained in-depth knowledge and mastery of a limited
For field work should cost that much. The practice is far from so that school teachers need to review and advance prepare
A. Method of Working Group
Group work method is a way of presenting the lesson by asking the student materials (after be categorized) specific tasks to achieve the goal of teaching. They see themselves working together to solve problems or perform tasks.
a). Advantages of group work methods
The students are more active members of their lessons
Allow teachers to pay more attention to the ability of the students
Can provide opportunities for students to ask more skilled use in discussing a problem
Students develop leadership talents and skills do discuss
b). disadvantage in the work group
Group work sometimes involves only those students who are able because they are capable to lead and guide those who are less
The success of this strategy depends on the ability of students to lead the group or to work on their own
Sometimes it requires a different seating arrangement and usability vary in different teaching
A. The game method
Games (games), popular with various names such as heating (ice-breaker) or refresher (energizer). Ice-breaker literal meaning is 'ice'. Thus, the meaning of warming in the learning process is breaking the ice situation or physical minds of participants. The game is also intended to build a dynamic learning environment, energy, and enthusiasm. Characteristics of the game is to create a pleasant learning atmosphere (fun) as well as serious but relaxed (sergeant). The game used for the creation of an atmosphere of learning from passive to active, from a rigid motion (familiar), and from saturated to be cheerful (fresh). This method is geared to the learning objectives can be achieved efficiently and effectively in an atmosphere of joy even discuss things that are difficult or berat.Sebaiknya game is used as part of the learning process, not just to fill their spare time or just a game. The game should be designed to be an 'action' or events experienced by the participants, and then withdrawn in the process of reflection to be a profound wisdom (principles, values, or the lessons). Changes that affected areas are the shutter-value attitude.
A. Problem Solving Methods
Problem solving method is a method that stimulates thinking and using knowledge without looking at the quality of the opinion delivered by the students. A teacher must be very clever to try to stimulate students' opinion.
a). advantage of this method of problem solving
Each student was given the same opportunity in issuing his opinion that the students feel more valued and which will foster self-confidence
Students will be invited to more respect for others
To assist students in developing oral skills
b). disadvantage in the problem solving
Because they do not see the quality of the opinion that sometimes the mastery of the material presented is often overlooked
This method is often difficult for those who hesitate to express their opinions verbally
A. . Method Dialog
Dialogue method is a technique of teaching methods to motivate students to be active in his thinking to ask for a hearing to justify the teacher's questions and students answer
a). Excess dialogue method
Questions and answers can help the growth of students' attention on the learning and develop the ability to use knowledge and experience, so that knowledge becomes functional
Students will open his mind so as to achieve a good and proper formulation
b). disadvantage in the dialog
If given the lack of motivation to be active only those who are good at verbal opinion express
Often forget the goal to be achieved due to run out of time provided for debate hold opinions
7. Methods Q & A
Method of oral questioning is a way of presenting the material to achieve the goal of teaching.
a). Excess method of question and answer
Teachers can find student mastery of the material that has been presented
Can be used to investigate speech-to support for students
b). disadvantage in the question and answer
The teacher only gave a turn to the specific student
Only be mastered by students who are good
